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Family vacation guide: How to plan, prepare and avoid travel disruptions
by Casey CartwrightContributing Writer
Families often approach vacations with high expectations, yet the reality of travel introduces a range of variables that can disrupt even the most carefully arranged plans. Before setting out on your next trip with your loved ones, it’s important to prepare thoughtfully. Read on to learn how families can avoid challenges on their next vacation.
Build a Practical Itinerary
A practical itinerary gives families a clear sense of direction before a trip begins. Identifying key destinations, travel times and must-see activities helps reduce uncertainty and keeps everyone aligned. When families outline expectations in advance, they spend less time negotiating decisions in the moment and more time engaging with the experience itself.
Careful planning also helps prevent common travel stressors such as missed reservations, rushed transitions or overlooked details. Mapping out routes, estimating time between stops and building in breaks allows the day to unfold at a manageable pace. This level of preparation creates a steady framework that supports both efficiency and comfort.
At the same time, a successful itinerary leaves space for flexibility. Unplanned discoveries, local recommendations and moments of rest often become the most memorable parts of a trip. Effective family vacation planning balances structure with openness, ensuring that plans guide the experience without limiting opportunities for spontaneity.
Preparing Financially for the Unexpected
Budgeting for a vacation should extend beyond transportation and lodging. Families frequently encounter unplanned expenses, including medical needs, vehicle repairs or last-minute changes in accommodations. Preparing for these contingencies ensures that financial stress does not overshadow the experience.
Financial preparedness also strengthens your decision-making. When families anticipate additional costs, they maintain control over their choices and avoid reactive spending that can lead to long-term strain.
Ensure Your Vehicle Is Reliable
Road travel remains a central part of many family vacations, particularly in the Midwest. Ensuring a vehicle operates reliably is critical to avoiding disruptions. Routine maintenance checks, including fluid levels, tire condition and transmission performance, should occur well before departure.
Mechanical issues can emerge without warning, yet many problems show early indicators. That makes it important to be aware of symptoms, including the warning signs of a clogged transmission filter.
Reliable transportation supports both safety and peace of mind. When families can trust their vehicle, they can focus more fully on the experience rather than potential risks.
Manage Health and Wellness on the Road
Travel introduces changes in routine that can affect both physical and mental well-being. Long periods of sitting, irregular meals and disrupted sleep patterns contribute to fatigue and irritability. Families can benefit by maintaining elements of their daily routines wherever possible, even while away from home.
Simple habits such as staying hydrated, planning regular meals and allowing time for rest can make a noticeable difference in how each person feels throughout the trip. Scheduling breaks during long drives and encouraging movement helps reduce discomfort and keeps energy levels steady.
When each family member recognizes the importance of pacing, rest and basic self-care, the group functions more smoothly. You will avoid unnecessary strain that can take away from the overall experience.
Avoid Overuse of Devices
Technology plays an essential role in modern travel, from navigation to communication. However, overreliance on devices can create new challenges, including distractions and reduced engagement with surroundings. Families must strike a balance between using technology as a tool and allowing it to dominate the experience.
Connectivity issues also frequently arise in rural areas across Illinois and neighboring states. Preparing offline maps and confirming reservations in advance helps prevent complications when service becomes unreliable.
Thoughtful use of technology enhances travel without diminishing it. Families who set boundaries around device usage can build more meaningful memories of their vacations.
Address Conflict Before It Escalates
Another way families can avoid challenges on their next vacation is by addressing disagreements before they escalate. Conflicts remain a natural part of group travel, particularly when individuals have different preferences and energy levels. By tackling these frustrations early, you can prevent them from escalating into larger conflicts that could affect the entire trip.
Families benefit from establishing simple communication practices. Encouraging open dialogue and active listening allows concerns to surface before they intensify. When families respond constructively, they create an environment where challenges become manageable rather than disruptive.
Choose Accommodations Thoughtfully
Lodging decisions can influence comfort, convenience and overall satisfaction. Families should consider factors such as location, accessibility and available amenities rather than focusing solely on cost. A well-chosen accommodation supports rest and reduces logistical challenges.
For example, prioritize hotels or motels near key destinations, especially when visiting urban centers or attending events. Reducing commute time allows families to maximize their experience without unnecessary strain.
Plan for Weather and Environmental Factors
Weather conditions can significantly affect travel plans, especially in regions known for variability. Families who monitor forecasts can prepare for different scenarios and avoid last-minute disruptions and safety concerns.
Seasonal changes across the Midwest require particular attention. Sudden temperature shifts, storms or road conditions can alter travel routes and schedules. Preparing appropriate clothing and contingency plans ensures that families remain adaptable.
Environmental awareness supports both safety and enjoyment. When families anticipate changing conditions, they respond confidently rather than react under pressure.
Prepare Your Travel Essentials
Families shouldn’t wait until the last moment to organize travel documents and essential items. Identification, insurance cards, reservations and emergency contacts should remain easily accessible throughout the trip.
Consider creating a consistent system for storing and checking essential items before departure and during transitions. This habit reduces confusion and allows families to move efficiently between destinations, especially during longer trips.
Strong preparation habits reinforce family vacation planning by ensuring that logistics support the experience rather than complicate it. When families keep their essentials organized, they avoid preventable delays and maintain focus on the purpose of their trip.
Reflect and Adjust for Future Trips
Every vacation provides an opportunity to learn and improve future experiences. Families who take the time to reflect on what worked well and what didn’t can develop stronger planning strategies over time.
Whether refining travel schedules, choosing different destinations or improving communication, each insight contributes to more successful trips. Reflection reinforces the value of preparation. As your family refines its approach, you will improve the chances of a smoother trip next time.
Families who prepare, remain flexible and stay aware will reduce the likelihood of common disruptions and create more meaningful experiences together. By focusing on communication, safety and thoughtful decision-making, each trip becomes more manageable and more rewarding for everyone involved.
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High-dosage tutoring gains traction as schools address student learning loss
Feature Impact - If your child is struggling in school, it can feel overwhelming to know how to help. Learning gaps can grow quickly, confidence can slip and what should be simple can start to feel frustrating for both students and parents. But families don’t have to solve this alone. Schools and districts play a critical role in providing the right support. One approach many schools are turning to is high-impact tutoring, also known as high-dosage tutoring.
Backed by extensive research, high-impact tutoring has emerged as one of the most effective school-based strategies for accelerating learning. Studies from EdResearch for Recoveryshow students who participate can gain the equivalent of 3-15 additional months of learning in reading and math within a single school year, making it a powerful tool for accelerating learning and closing achievement gaps.
This type of enrichment goes beyond merely homework help and is vastly different than traditional tutoring. Offered during the school day, many schools and districts across the country are starting to offer proven, structured high-impact tutoring programs by partnering with organizations like Catapult Learning, a leader in providing education solutions that generate demonstrable academic achievement and better life outcomes for students.
Consider these benefits of high-impact tutoring:
Small Group, Big Leaps
A number of factors set high-impact tutoring apart from traditional tutoring. To start, high-impact is most effective when it’s delivered during the school day (either on-site, live virtually or hybrid) in small group settings. Secondly, each session occurs up to five times per week and can be 20-45 minutes in duration. This type of small group instruction delivered with frequency and consistency isn’t just a supplement to classroom learning – it creates a pathway toward academic goals that may not have existed before.
Trusted Tutors, Real Progress
For families, finding the right tutor can feel overwhelming. Vetting private tutors, managing schedules and evaluating quality can be a time-consuming, uncertain exercise. School-based high-impact tutoring removes that guesswork. Districts partner with experienced education organizations to provide vetted, highly trained tutors, structured instructional materials and ongoing progress monitoring.
Through partnerships with school districts nationwide, Catapult Learning helps deliver structured, research-based high-impact tutoring programs that are designed to support students in reading and math, aligning with classroom goals to ensure learners of all skills and abilities receive the right support at the right time. Plus, its research-based instructional materials – combined with exemplary tutors and real-time accountability – allow families to benefit from clear insights into their child’s growth through real data and measurable outcomes.
Flexible and Accessible
High-impact tutoring has the added benefit of being flexible, accessible and less taxing on parents. Because it’s designed to be built directly into the school day, there are no extra trips, costs or added scheduling stresses for families. It’s a hassle-free way for students to get the help they need without burdening parents or caregivers.
Proven Results
The urgency for high-impact tutoring has only increased in the years following the pandemic. The widespread instructional disruptions left countless students with unfinished learning and specific skill gaps traditional classroom time can’t always address. High-impact tutoring offers a targeted way to make up for educational losses and promote equity by providing intensive, individualized instruction to the students who need it most.
Research shows high-impact tutoring is now recognized as the most effective school-based strategy for accelerating learning in reading and math for struggling students. Multiple studies confirm that well-designed tutoring programs produce measurable learning gains.
While many school districts face challenges in providing consistent, high-quality academic support due to limited capacity, staffing and resources, programs implemented by Catapult Learning have demonstrated students can achieve up to eight additional months of learning in reading or math within a single school year. In practical terms, this means students can make accelerated progress toward grade-level expectations, strengthen foundational skills and build confidence in the classroom – all within the structure of the regular school day.
As more schools adopt this approach, families can check with their district to learn whether high-impact tutoring is available. To better understand how these programs are delivered in schools, visit catapultlearning.com for additional information.
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U of I Extension to offers introductory Tai Chi Class in May
CHAMPAIGN - Residents looking for a low-impact way to improve balance, flexibility and overall well-being will have an opportunity to give Tai Chi a try next month during a free introductory session in Champaign. A one-hour class is scheduled for May 5 from noon to 1 p.m. at the Champaign County Farm Bureau Auditorium. The session is part of Healthy Champaign County Active Living Week and is open to participants of all experience levels. Led by Family Life Educator Emily Harmon and Nutrition and Wellness Educator Rachel Mannen, the class will introduce simple, evidence-based Tai Chi movements designed to support mobility and reduce fall risk. Organizers say no prior experience is required. Often described as a moving meditation, Tai Chi combines slow, deliberate movements with deep breathing and focused attention. Originating as a martial art in ancient China, the practice has evolved into a widely used form of gentle exercise aimed at improving physical and mental health. Participants will learn basic sequences, known as forms, that flow continuously from one posture to the next. The movements emphasize upright posture, controlled breathing and body awareness, helping practitioners develop balance and coordination over time. Health professionals frequently point to Tai Chi’s benefits, which can include improved flexibility, better cardiovascular health, reduced stress and enhanced stability—particularly for older adults or those managing chronic conditions. Its low-impact nature makes it accessible to a broad range of fitness levels. Organizers encourage anyone curious about the practice to attend, noting that it is “never too late to start.” Those needing accommodations or wishing to register by phone can call 217-333-7672 or contact Mannen at rmannen@Illinois.edu or Harmon at ebaine@illinois.edu.
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How businesses can reduce facility maintenance costs without sacrificing quality
by Casey CartwrightContributing Writer
Facility maintenance is one of the most significant ongoing expenses for businesses of all sizes. From routine cleaning and repairs to energy consumption and equipment upkeep, these costs can quickly add up and impact profitability. However, reducing maintenance expenses does not mean sacrificing quality or safety. With the right strategies, businesses can streamline operations and create a more efficient working environment.
Understanding how businesses can reduce facility maintenance costs is key. By focusing on prevention, smart investments, and operational efficiency, businesses can significantly reduce facility maintenance costs over time.
Understanding the True Cost of Facility Maintenance
Many businesses underestimate how much they spend on maintaining their facilities because costs are spread across multiple areas. These include labor, materials, utilities, equipment repairs, and outsourced services. When these expenses are not carefully tracked, inefficiencies can go unnoticed.
A reactive approach to maintenance often leads to higher costs. Emergency repairs, unexpected downtime, and rushed service calls typically come with premium pricing. In contrast, a proactive maintenance strategy allows businesses to anticipate issues, plan budgets more effectively, and avoid costly disruptions.
By analyzing historical maintenance data and identifying patterns, companies can better allocate resources and prioritize improvements that deliver the greatest cost savings.
Prioritizing Preventive Maintenance
One of the most effective ways to reduce facility maintenance costs is to shift from reactive to preventive maintenance. Waiting for equipment or infrastructure to fail often results in expensive repairs and operational interruptions.
Preventive maintenance focuses on routine inspections, scheduled servicing, and early detection of potential issues. This approach helps extend the lifespan of equipment and reduces the likelihood of sudden breakdowns. Regularly servicing HVAC systems, checking plumbing, and maintaining electrical components can prevent minor issues from escalating into major expenses.
Over time, preventive maintenance reduces repair frequency and ensures that systems operate at peak efficiency. This not only lowers costs but also improves overall workplace reliability and safety.
Investing in Energy Efficiency
Energy consumption is a major contributor to facility maintenance costs. Heating, cooling, lighting, and equipment operation can drive up utility bills if not managed efficiently.
Upgrading to energy-efficient systems can significantly reduce these expenses. Modern HVAC systems, LED lighting, and energy-efficient appliances consume less power while delivering the same or better performance. Installing programmable thermostats and automated lighting controls allows businesses to optimize energy usage based on occupancy and time of day.
Insulation and building envelope improvements also play a critical role. Proper sealing of doors and windows prevents energy loss, reducing the workload on heating and cooling systems. Over time, these upgrades pay for themselves through lower utility bills and reduced strain on equipment.
Streamlining Cleaning and Janitorial Processes
Cleaning and janitorial services are essential for maintaining a safe and professional environment, but they can also be a major cost center. Businesses can reduce these costs by optimizing cleaning routines and using smarter tools.
High-traffic areas often require frequent attention, which increases labor and material usage. One simple yet effective solution is implementing high-quality entryway systems that trap dirt and moisture before they spread throughout the facility. For example, using properly designed mats can significantly cut down on cleaning time and costs; small adjustments like these can lead to meaningful long-term savings.
Additionally, adopting eco-friendly and concentrated cleaning products can lower supply costs while maintaining effectiveness. Training staff on efficient cleaning techniques further enhances productivity and reduces waste.
Leveraging Technology for Smarter Maintenance
Technology has transformed how businesses manage facility maintenance. Digital tools and software solutions provide greater visibility into operations and help identify cost-saving opportunities.
Computerized Maintenance Management Systems (CMMS) allow businesses to schedule maintenance tasks, track work orders, and monitor equipment performance. This centralized approach improves organization and ensures that nothing falls through the cracks.
IoT-enabled sensors and smart building systems can monitor conditions such as temperature, humidity, and equipment performance in real time. These systems can alert managers to potential issues before they become costly problems. For instance, detecting an HVAC inefficiency early can prevent a complete system failure.
By leveraging data and automation, businesses can make more informed decisions and optimize maintenance processes for maximum efficiency.
Optimizing Vendor and Service Contracts
Many businesses rely on external vendors for maintenance services, including cleaning, landscaping, HVAC servicing, and repairs. While outsourcing can be beneficial, poorly managed contracts can lead to unnecessary expenses.
Regularly reviewing vendor agreements ensures that businesses are getting the best value for their money. Comparing multiple providers and negotiating terms can result in cost savings without compromising quality.
Bundling services with a single provider may also reduce costs, as vendors often offer discounts for comprehensive contracts. However, it is important to balance cost with performance and reliability.
Establishing clear expectations, performance metrics, and communication channels helps ensure that vendors deliver consistent and efficient service.
Training Staff to Reduce Maintenance Issues
Employees play a crucial role in maintaining a facility, and proper training can prevent many common issues that lead to increased maintenance costs.
When staff understand how to use equipment correctly and recognize early signs of problems, they can take action before issues escalate. Encouraging employees to report maintenance concerns promptly helps address problems at an early stage.
Creating a culture of accountability and awareness ensures that everyone contributes to maintaining the facility. This collaborative approach reduces the burden on maintenance teams and minimizes costly repairs.
Simple practices, such as keeping workspaces clean and following operational guidelines, can have a significant impact on overall maintenance expenses.
Creating a Long-Term Maintenance Strategy
Reducing facility maintenance costs requires a long-term perspective. Short-term fixes may provide temporary relief, but sustainable savings come from strategic planning and continuous improvement.
Developing a comprehensive maintenance plan allows businesses to prioritize investments and allocate resources effectively. This plan should include preventive maintenance schedules, budget forecasts, and performance metrics.
Regularly reviewing and updating the strategy ensures that it remains aligned with business goals and evolving needs. Incorporating feedback from staff and analyzing performance data helps identify areas for improvement.
A well-structured approach not only reduces costs but also enhances the overall efficiency and reliability of the facility.
Know Where You Can Save
Facility maintenance costs can be a significant burden, but they also present an opportunity for improvement. By adopting some ways to reduce facility maintenance costs, businesses can save on their budget while maintaining high standards of operation.
From preventive maintenance and energy efficiency to smarter cleaning practices and better vendor management, each strategy contributes to a more cost-effective and sustainable facility. Small changes, such as optimizing entryway systems or improving staff training, can lead to substantial savings over time.
Ultimately, reducing maintenance costs is not about cutting corners but about working smarter. Businesses that prioritize efficiency and long-term planning will not only save money but also create a safer, more productive environment for employees and customers alike.
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Social media regulations targeting kids advance in Illinois House
by Ben SzalinskiCapitol News Illinois
SPRINGFIELD - A bill to regulate social media companies and the features they make available to minors is advancing in the Statehouse.
A bipartisan group of lawmakers in the House voted 82-27 to pass House Bill 5511, also known as the Children’s Social Media Safety Act. Gov. JB Pritzker proposed the bill, which is designed to make social media scrolling less addictive for children.
“What this bill is really designed to address is the weaponization of your data, your personal habits in a way that keeps kids glued and addicted to the screen,” bill sponsor Rep. Jennifer Gong-Gershowitz, D-Glenview, said.
The bill does not limit social media use to certain ages but does require platforms to allow users setting up an account to input their age, which would trigger certain settings on the device for users under 18 years old.
The bill mandates that information used to generate a social media feed cannot be “persistently associated with the user’s device” and based on content the user previously shared or interacted with. Users must follow the creator of the content or person who shares it to see the content in their feed. Additional content could only be provided to the user when they search for it.
The bill would also require social media platforms to have default privacy settings for minors that would stop addictive feeds, location sharing and transactions with digital currency. Platforms would also be prohibited from sending notifications to minor users between 10 p.m. and 7 a.m.
Companies that violate the law would have to pay fines.
The changes would take effect in 2028, and despite cracking down in some areas, Gong-Gershowitz said there won’t be restrictions on the content kids see.
“This bill does not include any content moderation or allow parents to monitor what children are doing online,” Gong-Gershowitz said. “It simply targets a harmful design feature like addictive algorithms that are designed to keep kids online. Children can still see the same content.”
Pritzker, some Republicans back it
Pritzker called on lawmakers during his February State of the State address to advance regulations.
“Everywhere I go, parents tell me one of their deepest concerns is the impact social media is having on their kids,” Pritzker said in his address. “It’s a challenge unique to this generation. And it is made worse by the perverse incentive that social media companies seem to have to keep kids scrolling no matter what the cost to their physical and mental health.”
Tackling children’s addictions to social media has been a bipartisan priority in Springfield in recent years and nine House Republicans joined Democrats in advancing the measure to the Senate.
“Up until this point, we haven’t had a lot of guardrails when it comes to social media use in our state,” Rep. Nicole La Ha, R-Lemont, told Capitol News Illinois. “Being a mom of school aged children, I think it’s really important that we start to have those conversations.”
La Ha said she is looking forward to using parental controls to make sure the content her kids see on their feeds is appropriate for their age.
Other Republicans said they supported the concept of the bill but would vote against it until more changes were made in the Senate.
Pritzker is also pushing lawmakers to tax social media companies based on the number of users they have in Illinois.
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University of Michigan study finds people of color, rural residents bear brunt of factory farm pollution
by Judith Ruiz-BranchPublic News Service
As Illinois considers measures to tighten regulations on concentrated animal feeding operations, a recent study highlighted the disproportionate health and environmental impacts of meat production on vulnerable populations. Several bills propose stricter rules on large- and medium-sized operations by increasing local control, expanding setback distances from residential areas, and requiring water supply reports for expansions. Data from the University of Michigan shows these facilities contribute to significantly worse air quality for surrounding communities. Dimitris Gounaridis, assistant research scientist and lecturer at the University of Michigan, said people of color, rural residents and uninsured populations make up the majority of those residing in neighboring areas. "The meat we are eating and consuming has some costs," Gounaridis explained. "We prove once and for all that proximity to those facilities means lower air quality and health issues." It is estimated there are more than 21,000 concentrated animal feeding operations in Illinois. Gounaridis pointed out the research team has made their dataset publicly available for the first time in hopes of providing systematic evidence for targeted government or organizational interventions. Meat production facilities produce various harmful chemicals, including ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane and particulate matter. Gounaridis noted fine particulate matter are extremely small particles, which linger in the air for extended periods of time, and no amount is safe to inhale. "It's directly associated with (a) 4% increase in overall mortality and (a) 6% increase in cardiovascular mortality and (an) 8% increase in lung cancer," Gounaridis outlined. "That's very, very high." Gounaridis added health effects have been observed in communities up to 10 miles away. He stressed the concentration of large operations and other meat processing farms in specific locations like the Midwest enables more targeted interventions. He suggested increased regulations and infrastructure to prevent pollution spread adding public health information campaigns are also needed to provide education and resources for the high population of nearby uninsured residents.
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Illinois women help drive landmark end-of-life reform
by Judith Ruiz-BranchPublic News Service
CHICAGO - March is Women’s History Month and an organization advocating for end-of-life reform is highlighting the significant role of women from Illinois in driving the movement.
The state recently became the first in the Midwest to legalize medical aid in dying.
Callie Riley, regional advocacy director for Compassion & Choices, said Illinois residents Suzy Flack and Deborah Robertson were instrumental in getting the legislation passed. Riley noted the bill is nicknamed “Deb's Law” because of Robertson, who served as a leader despite living with a rare form of cancer.
"The work we do is really driven by the stories of people who are directly impacted by both good end-of-life care and end-of-life care that falls short," Riley explained. "In my experience, so many of our storytellers, our volunteers, our leaders, our advocates are women."
Riley pointed out Flack became an advocate after witnessing her son, who was diagnosed with terminal cancer, die peacefully and autonomously using medical aid in another state. Deb’s Law takes effect in Illinois in September.
Riley added the historical roots of the movement for better end-of-life-care dates back to the early HIV epidemic. Alternative care networks developed because people living with HIV and AIDS did not receive adequate care from the traditional medical system.
"It was predominantly women providing that care; queer women, straight women, people who knew and loved people who were living with HIV," Riley recounted. "To me, it's not surprising that has continued."
Riley stressed increased advocacy has created a dialogue about the importance of autonomy in end-of-life decisions, with supporters long pushing for medical aid in dying legislation in Illinois. It is currently legal in 12 other states.
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When a president is unfit for office, here’s what the Constitution says can happen
by Kirsten Matoy Carlson
Wayne State University
The Conversation
Bipartisan calls for President Donald Trump’s removal from office increased on April 7, 2026, after he issued threats to destroy “a whole civilization” if Iran refuses to reopen the Strait of Hormuz.
These calls have come from across the political spectrum, from Democratic Reps. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez of New York and Melanie Stansbury of New Mexico to former Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene and right-wing pundit Alex Jones. Unlikely allies seem to agree that the president has gone too far and needs to be reined in.
Their concerns have emerged as Iran has walked away from talks to end the war and Trump’s language suggests that he plans to escalate it by destroying the country’s power plants and bridges.
Concerns over Trump’s fitness for office have grown in recent weeks as his commentary has become more erratic.
If lawmakers do attempt to remove Trump from office, here’s what would happen:
25th Amendment
The Constitution’s 25th Amendment provides a way for high-level officials to remove a president from office. It was ratified in 1967 in the wake of the 1963 assassination of John F. Kennedy – who was succeeded by Lyndon Johnson, who had already had one heart attack – as well as delayed disclosure of health problems experienced by Kennedy’s predecessor, Dwight Eisenhower.
The 25th Amendment provides detailed procedures on what happens if a president resigns, dies in office, has a temporary disability or is no longer fit for office.
It has never been invoked against a president’s will, and has been used only to temporarily transfer power, such as when a president is undergoing a medical procedure requiring anesthesia.
Section 4 of the 25th Amendment authorizes high-level officials – either the vice president and a majority of the Cabinet or another body designated by Congress – to remove a president from office without his consent when he is “unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office.” Congress has yet to designate an alternative body, and scholars disagree over the role, if any, of acting Cabinet officials.
The high-level officials simply send a written declaration to the president pro tempore of the Senate – the longest-serving senator from the majority party – and the speaker of the House of Representatives, stating that the president is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office. The vice president immediately assumes the powers and duties of the president.
The president, however, can fight back. He or she can seek to resume their powers by informing congressional leadership in writing that they are fit for office and no disability exists. But the president doesn’t get the presidency back just by saying this.
The high-level officials originally questioning the president’s fitness then have four days to decide whether they disagree with the president. If they notify congressional leadership that they disagree, the vice president retains control and Congress has 48 hours to convene to discuss the issue. Congress has 21 days to debate and vote on whether the president is unfit or unable to resume his powers.
The vice president remains the acting president until Congress votes or the 21-day period lapses. A two-thirds majority vote by members of both houses of Congress is required to remove the president from office. If that vote fails or does not happen within the 21-day period, the president resumes his powers immediately.
The case for impeachment
Article II of the Constitution authorizes Congress to impeach and remove the president – and other federal officials – from office for “Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.” The founders included this provision as a tool to punish a president for misconduct and abuses of power. It’s one of the many ways that Congress could keep the president in check, if it chose to.
Impeachment proceedings begin in the House of Representatives. A member of the House files a resolution for impeachment. The resolution goes to the House Judiciary Committee, which usually holds a hearing to evaluate the resolution. If the House Judiciary Committee thinks impeachment is proper, its members draft and vote on articles of impeachment. Once the House Judiciary Committee approves articles of impeachment, they go to the full House for a vote.
If the House of Representatives impeaches a president or another official, the action then moves to the Senate. Under the Constitution’s Article I, the Senate has the responsibility for determining whether to remove the person from office. Normally, the Senate holds a trial, but it controls its procedures and can limit the process if it wants.
Ultimately, the Senate votes on whether to remove the president – which requires a two-thirds majority, or 67 senators. To date, the Senate has never voted to remove a president from office, although it almost did in 1868, when President Andrew Johnson escaped removal from office by one vote.
The Senate also has the power to disqualify a public official from holding public office in the future. If the person is convicted and removed from office, only then can senators vote on whether to permanently disqualify that person from ever again holding federal office. Members of Congress proposing the impeachment of Trump have promised to include a provision to do so. A simple majority vote is all that’s required then.
This is an updated version of an article originally published on Jan. 9, 2021.
Kirsten Matoy Carlson, Professor of Law and Adjunct Professor of Political Science, Wayne State University
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
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