The Sentinel

CAFOs on the rise in Illinois, large scale operations putting pressure on small farmers

Chad Wallace sells his product locally to get the best prices. Many farmers in his position are left discouraged by the difficulties they face in going against the industrial ag industry practices.

baby pigs

Concentrated animal feeding operations, also known as CAFO, in Illinois are hurting small farmers and possibly the environment due underregulation by the state.

Photo: Emilian Robert Vicol/Pixabay

by Judith Ruiz-Branch
Illinois News Connection

CHICAGO - Illinois is known for having some of the weakest environmental laws for concentrated animal feeding operations, with a lack of oversight and public transparency for the entire process. A coalition of rural landowners is working to change it.

In Illinois, it is estimated there are more than 21,000 concentrated animal feeding operations.

Chad Wallace, director of rural affairs for the Illinois Environmental Council, works with the Illinois Livestock Reform Coalition, which has about 70 members across states. They are trying to come up with legislative solutions for the growing concerns of landowners who have been affected by them.

"The industry is basically embedded," Wallace acknowledged. "It is very hard for folks to go up against something that is so broad and so organized."

Nearly all applications submitted in Illinois over the past decade have been approved. Wallace pointed out several attempts to introduce legislation to increase regulation have failed, with the most recent in 2019 for a proposed moratorium on lagoons being used for holding confinement waste.

More than 90% of animals raised for agriculture in the U.S. come from concentrated animal feeding operations, yet environmental advocates argued the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency is unaware of the locations of the majority of operations, making it difficult to regulate them and account for their environmental impact.

Wallace, who grew up in a farming family, raises beef, pork and lamb and has been approached by people wanting to construct operations on his land. He declined but noted it came with a cost.

"One of the struggles is constantly having to build the value of your product due to not being in the industry," Wallace explained.

Wallace sells locally to get the best prices for his products. He added many in his position are left discouraged by the difficulties they face in going against the industrial ag industry. Proponents of concentrated animal feeding operations said they are an economic necessity to keep retail prices of meat, milk and eggs affordable for consumers, and are crucial to the viability of rural communities.

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Many Illinois residents stand to lose Medicaid coverage under Trump administration cuts

If the federal match rate drops, Illinois would have two options: come up with more than $40 billion to cover expansion costs or drop it altogether.

prescription drugs

Photo: Freestocks.org/StockSnap

by Judith Ruiz-Branch
Illinois News Connection

CHICAGO - As Congress continues to threaten deep cuts to the Medicaid program, a new KFF report shows how some of the proposed changes could end coverage for an estimated 20 million people nationwide, more than 800,000 in Illinois. One idea targets the Medicaid expansion federal match rate. The federal government currently pays 90% of the costs for people covered under what's known as the Medicaid expansion, that extended coverage to nearly all low-income adults.

Liz Williams, senior policy analyst with KFF, explained that if the federal match rate drops, Illinois would have two options: come up with more than $40 billion to cover expansion costs or drop it altogether.

"Illinois has a law where the state is required to automatically end expansion coverage if the match rate drops, so in those trigger law states, there's 12 of them, enrollees are at greater risk of losing coverage," she explained.

Nearly 30% of Medicaid enrollees in Illinois have health-care coverage because of the Medicaid expansion and would be at risk of losing it should these changes go through.

The Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act was enacted to reduce the number of uninsured people nationwide. It provided states with an increased federal match rate to help pay for their health-care costs. Williams added that if states can't afford to pick up the added costs from decreased federal support, the number of uninsured people will dramatically increase, and any gains in financial security and health outcomes associated with the expansion would be reversed.

"Medicaid is jointly funded by states and the federal government, so any restrictions in federal Medicaid spending really leaves states with tough choices about how to offset reductions," she continued.

She said states have a few options, including increasing state tax revenues, decreasing spending on non-Medicaid services such as education, or decreasing coverage for other groups. Governor J.B. Pritzker has already proposed eliminating Medicaid coverage for non-citizen adults aged 42 to 65 as a way to make up for the state's $1.7 billion-budget gap.

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