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Online alcohol delivery fuels concerns in Illinois Youth Survey, Marijuana use surges

New survey data shows a concerning rise in teen substance abuse in Illinois, including the impact of online alcohol delivery and marijuana trends among Illinois teens in the 2024 Youth Survey.

CHAMPAIGN - A new report on youth substance use in Illinois paints a sobering picture of emerging trends and longstanding challenges as more adolescents experiment with drugs and alcohol—and in some cases, suffer serious consequences.

The 2024 Illinois Youth Survey (IYS), released this spring, revealed that while overall youth substance use has not spiked dramatically, troubling new behaviors and increased accessibility are raising red flags for parents, educators, and policymakers alike.

Photo: R+R Medicinals/Pixabay

Among the most startling findings: Illinois teens are drinking at nearly double the national rate. Thirteen percent of Illinois youth reported consuming alcohol in the past 30 days, compared with just 6.9% nationally. The data, collected by the Center for Prevention Research and Development (CPRD) at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, also showed a growing number of youth engaging in binge drinking, acquiring substances online, or misusing prescription drugs.

The IYS, a biennial self-report survey first administered in 1993, is funded by the Illinois Department of Human Services and designed to provide both local-level insights and a scientific estimate of health and social behaviors statewide. It surveys eighth, 10th, and 12th graders on a wide range of issues including bullying, school climate, and substance use. This year’s sample included responses from more than 10,490 students.

Doug Smith, CPRD director and a professor of social work at the University of Illinois, said one unexpected pattern to emerge was teens acquiring liquor through home delivery services.

Clinicians are seeing an uptick in cases of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome—a condition tied to heavy cannabis use that causes extreme nausea and vomiting.

“This is a newer trend that started when retailers moved to online delivery during the pandemic,” Smith told the University of Illinois News Bureau. “It may be time to think about what regulatory approaches, if any, are needed to prevent kids from ordering alcohol online.”

Substance access is also a concern when it comes to marijuana, especially highly potent products such as edibles. Among surveyed students, 1% of eighth graders, 3% of 10th graders, and 5% of 12th graders reported using cannabis 20 or more times a month.

The risks of cannabis products among children were underscored just last month when a 14-year-old was arrested at Urbana Middle School for possessing more than 500 grams of cannabis-infused edibles. Urbana police reported that the child may have been attempting to distribute the edibles, and that another student required medical attention after ingesting one. Experts note these products often contain THC levels up to six times the adult dosage, making them particularly harmful to young users.

Smith said clinicians are seeing an uptick in cases of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome—a condition tied to heavy cannabis use that causes extreme nausea and vomiting. “We’re getting increasing reports of teens experiencing cyclical vomiting syndrome,” he said. “It’s something we didn’t talk much about even five years ago.”

The IYS data also highlighted the continued presence of more dangerous narcotics among youth. While fewer students reported using illicit drugs like heroin or LSD—just 1% of eighth and 10th graders and 2% of 12th graders—these numbers still translate to thousands of teens across the state. Prescription drug misuse was also flagged, with some students reporting using medications not prescribed to them.

Many students acknowledged that their substance use was not without consequences. Fourteen percent of 12th graders and 8% of sophomores said their use had led to fights, injuries, or poor academic performance. Ten percent of seniors and 6% of sophomores reported experiencing blackouts. Others admitted to riding with or driving under the influence—11% of seniors and 6% of sophomores.

The reality of addiction has already touched some students. About 5% of high school sophomores and seniors said they were in recovery from a substance use problem.

In terms of perception, many teens seem to underestimate the risks of regular alcohol or marijuana use. While most students viewed daily cigarette smoking as dangerous, far fewer expressed concern over marijuana or moderate drinking. Only 61% of seniors thought using marijuana once or twice a week was harmful. And when asked about daily alcohol use, 21% of eighth graders and nearly one in five high schoolers saw little or no risk in having one or two drinks a day.

Still, the survey also found encouraging signs: More than 90% of students reported that their parents or guardians had talked to them about substance use in the past year, and a similar percentage said their families had clear rules around these behaviors.

Cottonbro Studio/PEXELS

Despite these preventative conversations, the reality of addiction has already touched some students. About 5% of high school sophomores and seniors said they were in recovery from a substance use problem. Smith noted this seemingly small percentage represents thousands of young people in Illinois who might benefit from alternative education options like recovery high schools, which offer a structured environment for students overcoming addiction.

While Illinois currently has no such schools, other states have implemented them with promising results.

“This data tells a much bigger story than just who’s using what,” Smith said. “It’s about the environments young people are navigating, the access they have to substances, and the types of supports they need to move toward healthier choices.”

The survey’s findings underscore the need for continued investment in prevention, education, and recovery programs for youth. The research was supported by the Illinois Department of Human Services’ Division of Substance Use Prevention and Recovery through funding from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.

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Wynk brings THC Seltzers to Midwest and South with strategic expansion

With its presence already established in Illinois, Wynk is becoming a familiar name in a fast-evolving space of cannabis culture.

URBANA - As cannabis culture continues to gain ground across the United States, one brand is carving out its niche with a low-key, socially friendly twist. Wynk, a hemp-derived THC-infused seltzer brand, is expanding its distribution footprint once again, this time into Wisconsin, Kentucky, Alabama, and Arkansas. The move signals the brand’s growing influence in the alternative beverage market, particularly in regions new to cannabis-derived drinkables.

Photo courtesy Wynk/PR Newswire

With its presence already established in states like Georgia, Texas, Illinois, New Jersey, Florida, and Connecticut, Wynk is becoming a familiar name in a fast-evolving space. The brand’s core appeal lies in its approachability: low-dose THC, zero calories or sugar, and a flavor-forward lineup that includes Black Cherry Fizz, Lime Twist, Juicy Mango, and Tangerine.

Since the 2018 Farm Bill expanded the legality of hemp-derived products under certain THC thresholds, the market for these beverages has grown rapidly.

This latest regional rollout comes on the heels of key distribution partnerships. Wynk has aligned with Sarene in Kentucky, C&M Sales in Arkansas, United - Johnson Brothers in Alabama, and Beechwood Sales & Service in Wisconsin. These relationships are helping bring the product to grocery chains, liquor stores, and independent retailers alike.

In Kentucky, for example, Wynk is now stocked at well-known outlets like Total Wine and Liquor Barn, while Alabama consumers can find the brand at Piggly Wiggly. Arkansas residents are seeing the product pop up in cities such as Little Rock, Fayetteville, Fort Smith, and Harrison. And in Wisconsin, Wynk becomes the first THC beverage in the Sheehan Family of Brands portfolio.

Part of Wynk’s appeal is rooted in science. Thanks to nano-emulsification technology, which breaks THC into particles that are absorbed faster by the body, consumers can feel the effects in as little as 10 minutes—offering a more predictable and palatable experience than traditional edibles. That consistency, coupled with social flexibility and the absence of alcohol, has helped drive demand.

Since the 2018 Farm Bill expanded the legality of hemp-derived products under certain THC thresholds, the market for these beverages has grown rapidly. Many brands have entered the space, but few have captured the blend of taste, control, and accessibility that Wynk seems to prioritize. Available locally at Binny’s Beverage Depot for $23.99 per 12-pack (with store card), the product represents a new frontier in casual, cannabis-adjacent consumption.

As more consumers seek alternatives to alcohol for social occasions or wellness reasons, Wynk’s growth reflects a broader shift in behavior—especially in communities where traditional cannabis use has been slower to gain mainstream traction. With this latest expansion, Wynk is placing a firm foothold in new territories and giving consumers more choices in how they unwind.

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SAVE Act faces scrutiny as advocates warn of voter suppression risks

A new voting bill could make name changes a voting hurdle for many women. Illinois leaders are speaking out.

URBANA - A newly revived federal voting bill is drawing renewed scrutiny, especially in Illinois, where voting rights advocates warn it could create significant barriers to ballot access.

The Safeguard American Voter Eligibility (SAVE) Act, which passed the U.S. House last week with unanimous Republican support and four Democratic votes, would require all voters to present proof of U.S. citizenship — such as a passport or birth certificate — when registering or updating their registration. The bill now awaits consideration in the Senate, though no vote has been scheduled.

This is not the first time the legislation has surfaced. A previous version passed the House during the last session of Congress but stalled in the then-Democratic-controlled Senate.

Proponents of the SAVE Act argue it is essential for protecting the integrity of elections by ensuring that only American citizens can cast ballots. However, critics see it as a thinly veiled attempt to suppress voter participation under the guise of security. The League of Women Voters of Illinois (LWVIL) delivered that message directly to lawmakers during a subject matter hearing before the Illinois House Ethics and Elections Committee on April 22 in Springfield.

Kathy Cortez, LWVIL’s Vice President for Issues and Advocacy, testified that the legislation risks disenfranchising large swaths of the voting population by introducing new hurdles that disproportionately affect low-income individuals, women, and others who may have difficulty assembling documentation.

No citizen should have to make the choice between meeting their basic needs and exercising the right to vote

“We believe every citizen should be protected in the right to vote, and that electoral systems should encourage participation and enhance representation for all voters,” Cortez said. “The League of Women Voters opposes the SAVE Act because, by imposing inequitable economic and administrative requirements, the bill would create unnecessary barriers to voting participation.”

A major point of concern raised during the hearing was the bill’s disproportionate impact on women. Cortez explained that because many women in Illinois changed their names after marriage, the SAVE Act would require them — and not men — to produce documentation of name changes through marriage, divorce, or remarriage in order to vote.

The League also highlighted the financial implications of the legislation. For many residents living paycheck to paycheck, obtaining official documents like certified birth certificates or divorce decrees could present a real hardship.

“No citizen should have to make the choice between meeting their basic needs and exercising the right to vote,” Cortez said. “We believe that even one individual losing their ability to vote because they could not afford to comply with the requirements of the SAVE Act is one voter too many.”

Despite their opposition to the measure, LWVIL expressed a willingness to support voters if the bill becomes law. With a statewide network and long-standing relationships with Illinois' 108 election authorities, the League says it is prepared to help residents navigate any new requirements.

As the debate continues, Illinois remains a microcosm of a broader national conversation — one that pits concerns over election integrity against the practical realities of access and participation.

Bird Flu spreads to cats, concern for human infections heighten

So far, 43 types of mammals have tested positive for bird flu in the U.S.

(Urbana) - A growing number of cases of H5N1 avian influenza, commonly known as bird flu, have been detected in domestic cats across the United States, raising concerns about its potential transmission to humans. Veterinary experts and public health officials are warning pet owners to be vigilant as the virus spreads across multiple states and is linked to contaminated food sources.

Dr. Leyi Wang, a virologist and professor of veterinary medicine at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, recently confirmed the presence of H5N1 in a cat at the university’s Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has reported 130 cases of bird flu in domestic cats, spanning 23 states, including Illinois. Since 2022, 126 domestic cats have been infected, with around half of those cases occurring in 2024. Many cats were exposed through contaminated food or raw milk.

Lethality and Transmission Risk

"Bird flu H5N1 infections in cats are usually serious and life-threatening, with a high mortality rate. Infected cats show severe clinical signs such as lethargy, fever, loss of appetite, difficulty breathing, discharge from the eyes and nose, and neurological issues like tremors, seizures, incoordination or blindness," Wang explains. "Domestic cats are companion animals and have close contact with humans, potentially transmitting viruses to owners. A previous report revealed a cat-to-human transmission of influenza A virus, so H5N1 transmission might be possible as well."

Infections have been reported most often after prolonged and unprotected exposure to an infected animal.

Although no confirmed cases of cat-to-human transmission of H5N1 have been recorded in the current outbreak, Wang and other experts warn that as the virus circulates in mammals, the risk of mutation increases. "Previously, H5N1 had limited infection in mammals. However, the new H5N1 involved in outbreaks since 2022 mutated and acquired the capability to infect different mammal species including domestic and wild cats. So far, 43 types of mammals have tested positive for bird flu in the U.S., with domestic cats being the highest number," Wang says.

Pathways of Infection

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that people can be infected with avian influenza viruses through contact with infected wild, stray, feral, or domestic animals. Infections have been reported most often after prolonged and unprotected exposure to an infected animal. The CDC has previously documented avian influenza transmission from mammals to humans in the U.S., including a case involving a cat in New York City in 2016 and a cow in 2024.

The virus has been detected in poultry and cattle, allowing it to enter the raw food supply. Concerns over food contamination led the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to recall Savage Cat Food Large Chicken Boxes (84 ounces) and Small Chicken Boxes (21 ounces) due to the potential presence of H5N1. These products, with a “better if used by” date of November 15, 2026, were distributed in multiple states, including Arizona, California, Colorado, Maryland, New York, and Pennsylvania.

Pet owners who have fed their cats the recalled products should watch for symptoms of bird flu, including fever, lethargy, loss of appetite, reddened or inflamed eyes, nasal and eye discharge, difficulty breathing, and neurological signs such as tremors, seizures, or blindness. If a cat exhibits these symptoms, immediate veterinary attention is advised.

Public Health Concerns

Public health experts fear that as H5N1 spreads among mammals, the likelihood of a pandemic increases. The New York Times recently reported that domestic cats could serve as a critical pathway for the virus to evolve and potentially become more transmissible to humans. If the virus mutates or swaps genes with another flu virus, it could pose a greater threat to human populations.

"If you work with animals, wash your hands well after interacting with poultry, livestock or animals outside the household. I also would suggest changing clothing and shoes after interacting with animals or birds with unknown health status, before interacting with your own pets," Wang advised.

Prevention and Protection

With no available vaccine or antiviral treatment for H5N1 in cats, prevention is key. Experts recommend keeping cats indoors to limit exposure to infected birds and wildlife. Pet owners should also avoid feeding raw meat or raw milk to their pets and ensure they do not come into contact with potentially contaminated food sources.

Wang stresses the importance of vigilance among pet owners. "Cat owners should contact their veterinarians if they are concerned their pet has contracted bird flu. Tell the veterinarian if your pet has been exposed to raw meat, raw milk, backyard birds or wild waterfowl. Unfortunately, only supportive care is available for cats with bird flu, and no antiviral drugs are yet available."

Beyond pet care, experts urge the public to remain cautious when handling animals and animal products. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is recommended for veterinarians and those working closely with animals at risk of infection.

Hidden issues to check before starting home renovations

Photo: PEXELS/JESHOOTS.com

(SNS) - Home renovations can be exciting, promising a fresh new look and improved functionality for your living space. However, beneath the surface, hidden problems can quickly turn a straightforward project into a costly and stressful experience. Identifying these potential issues before starting a home renovation can save both time and money while ensuring a smoother renovation process. Understanding what to check before beginning will help prevent unwelcome surprises along the way.

Structural Weaknesses

One of the most critical aspects to examine before you experiment with more creative renovation projects is the structural integrity of the home. Over time, foundations can shift, walls can develop cracks, and ceilings may sag. If any of these signs are present, consulting with a structural engineer is essential to determine whether reinforcement or repairs are necessary before moving forward with cosmetic changes. Structural issues left unchecked can worsen over time, leading to costly repairs that could have been mitigated earlier in the process.

Plumbing Problems

Old or faulty plumbing can wreak havoc on a renovation if not addressed beforehand. Corroded, leaking, or outdated pipes may be hidden behind walls or under floors. If your home has old galvanized pipes, replace them with modern materials like copper or PEX. Any renovation that involves moving fixtures or installing new appliances should include a thorough plumbing inspection to avoid unexpected water damage down the line. Small leaks may seem insignificant, but over time, they can lead to extensive mold growth, wood rot, and even compromised structural integrity.

Photo: PhotoNews Media/Clark Brooks

Problem plumbing can eventually ruin a nice renovation job. Address even the smallest of leaks as they can lead to bigger problems over time.

Starting a Home Renovation: Electrical Hazards

Outdated electrical wiring poses both a safety hazard and a potential roadblock for your renovation. Older homes may not have the capacity to handle modern electrical loads. This can lead to frequently tripped circuits or even fire risks. Before starting any work, have a licensed electrician assess the wiring, outlets, and breaker panel. This ensures they meet current building codes and can support any new installations. Upgrading the electrical system early on can prevent costly modifications later. It’s best to do this before the walls have been painted and finished.

Storage Considerations During Renovation

Homeowners often underestimate where to store furniture, appliances, and personal belongings while renovations are being done. Cluttered spaces can slow down progress and even lead to accidental damage. You can find lots of home improvement tips and proper storing guides online, on various DIY forums, or on professional moving companies' websites. One such website is Dielman Moving & Storage, where professional movers share their insight to help prepare for a move or store various items properly. This can be especially useful for large-scale renovations where multiple rooms are being remodeled at once.

Hidden Mold and Mildew

Moisture issues can lead to mold growth, which often lurks behind walls, under floors, or in poorly ventilated areas. Before tearing down drywall or pulling up flooring, check for any musty smells, water stains, or signs of mildew. If mold is discovered, it’s crucial to address the source of moisture and properly remediate the problem before proceeding with renovations to prevent health issues and future damage. Mold can spread rapidly and impact indoor air quality, leading to respiratory problems and allergies for the home's occupants.

Pest Infestations

Rodents, termites, and other pests can cause significant damage to a home’s structure and insulation. Signs of infestation include droppings, gnawed wood, and small holes in walls or flooring. Hiring a pest control professional before starting renovations ensures proper handling of infestations, preventing future headaches and costly repairs. Termites, in particular, weaken load-bearing structures, making walls and flooring unsafe if left untreated.

Asbestos and Lead Paint

If your home was built before the 1980s, there’s a chance it contains hazardous materials such as asbestos or lead-based paint. These substances can pose serious health risks if disturbed during renovations. Hiring a professional to test for asbestos in insulation, flooring, and walls, as well as checking for lead paint, is a crucial step before proceeding with demolition or remodeling. Removing these materials safely requires specialized equipment and trained professionals to ensure minimal exposure to harmful particles.

Inadequate Insulation

Many older homes have poor insulation, which can lead to higher energy bills and uncomfortable indoor temperatures. Before making cosmetic changes, consider whether insulation in the walls, attic, or floors needs to be upgraded. This is especially important if you plan to remove drywall or replace flooring, as it presents an opportunity to improve your home’s energy efficiency without additional labor costs later. Proper insulation helps maintain indoor comfort and reduces strain on heating and cooling systems, saving money in the long run.

Photo: PEXELS/Bidvine

A well-supported floor improves safety and prevents costly fixes down the line, especially in high-traffic areas of the home.

Unstable Flooring

Uneven, sagging, or squeaky floors can indicate deeper structural issues that need to be addressed before laying down new flooring. Rotten subflooring, termite damage, or improper previous installations can create long-term problems. Checking for stability and making necessary repairs early on will help ensure a solid foundation for any new flooring materials you choose. A well-supported floor improves safety and prevents costly fixes down the line, especially in high-traffic areas of the home.

Poor Ventilation

Proper ventilation is often overlooked but plays a vital role in maintaining indoor air quality and preventing moisture-related problems. Bathrooms, kitchens, and attics should have sufficient airflow to prevent condensation buildup, which can lead to mold growth and deterioration. Installing proper exhaust fans or upgrading existing ventilation systems can significantly improve the air quality in your home. A well-ventilated space reduces humidity levels, preventing the warping of wooden structures and minimizing the risk of respiratory issues.

Permit and Code Compliance

Before starting any major renovation, like building a deck, for instance, obtain all necessary permits and ensure the planned work complies with local building codes. Failing to do so can result in fines, project delays, or even forced removal of completed work. Consulting with a contractor or your local building department will help you navigate these requirements and prevent legal complications down the road. Ensuring code compliance also guarantees that your renovations add value to your home rather than becoming a liability if you ever decide to sell.

A successful home renovation starts with thorough preparation and identifying potential hidden issues before work begins. From structural concerns to outdated wiring and plumbing, addressing these problems early on can prevent costly setbacks and ensure a smoother remodeling process. Taking the time to conduct a detailed inspection, seek professional guidance, and plan for storage and compliance will help create a more seamless and stress-free renovation experience. While it may require extra effort when starting a home renovation, being proactive about these hidden issues can save homeowners from unexpected expenses and frustrations, leading to a more enjoyable and rewarding renovation journey.

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Is modern dating really broken? A study says not really

Photo: Nathan Dumlao/Unsplash

(SNS)- Dating has never been easy.

It is hard because it involves navigating a complex mix of emotions, expectations, and external pressures. From high standards and fear of rejection to miscommunication and cultural influences, the challenges vary from person to person and relationship to relations.

Add into the mix social isolation created by technology, pandemic lockdowns and potential partners’ unrealistic expectations from movies and TV shows that show failling in love as effortless and magical, setting unrealistic expectations for real-life relationships. Yeah, finding the love your life is hard.

Pop culture critiques tend to regard today's dating ritual as "broken".

Two studies performed a decade apart found that college students' ideas about romantic relationships have largely remained unchanged over time, according to study leader Brian Ogolsky, a professor of human development and family studies at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.

couple dancing

Photo: Unsplash/Anthony Tran

"College students in our study did not share this perception of dating as a broken system, despite many massive cultural shifts during this decade," Ogolsky said, dispelling the popular myth that today's singles are unability to find a romantic partner because dating culture is 'broken'. "Their perspectives on relationships today aren’t that different from what they were 10 years ago — or even 10 years before that. Instead, young adults are taking more diverse and multifaceted pathways through romantic partnering and considering a broader range of outcomes."

The study asked 250 college students between the ages 18-29 to "describe their thoughts and experiences about the typical initiation and progression of romantic relationships." The initial research started in 2012 and it was ran again in 2021.

Based upon participants’ responses, the researchers identified four stages in relationship development: flirtationship, testing relationship potential, being in a relationship, and commitment.

Commitment or Bust, is the point where a couple agrees to a long-term commitment

Flirtationship is the initial stage where attraction begins, often through flirting and shared interests, either online or in person.

The next step is Testing Relationship Potential, where the couple spends more time together, engages in deep conversations, and determines if they want to pursue a serious relationship, with friendship playing a key role.

When a couple reaches the third stage, their romantic needs have been met and their status as a couple is made official. The "In a Relationship" level usually denotes that mutual boundaries have been defined, such as a commitment to exclusivity and supporting each other emotionally, financially, and in their individual careers. At this point, couples are introducing their partner into their social circles and family.

“Young adults clearly distinguish dating from being in a relationship,” Ogolsky told the Illinois News Bureau. “In our study, we used the term ‘relationship development’ to describe the activities we were investigating, but it became clear that participants did not view early behaviors as part of being in a relationship per se. Instead, they viewed flirting and even dating as part of a broader pattern of interpersonal interaction that may or may not eventually lead to the formation of a relationship.”

Depending on external pressure from family, friends, or their cultural background, the final stage, Commitment or Bust, is the point where a couple agrees to a long-term commitment, either living together or getting married. Or, in the worst case for one or both partners, they may choose to move on in search of their happily ever after with someone else.

Ogolsky speculated that during the ten year period, the rapid growth in social media and dating apps would greatly affect how today's students approached dating.

"When we ask people about relationship prototypes, they’re not talking about technology," he explained. "They’re thinking about relationships in broad strokes. And we found it interesting that the centerpiece of relationships was not dating apps, artificial intelligence or robots or all the other things we may have predicted 25 or 40 years ago."

Traditional relationship milestones like engagement and marriage are no longer seen as necessary next steps these days.

Today, more young adults value the freedom and flexibility of being single, enjoying the ability to make decisions without considering a spouse or partner. Many prioritize bucket lists - travel, personal development, and reaching career goals - before settling into a lifelong commitment.

Observing failed marriages among friends or family members, especially a messy one or two, is powerful deterant. According to the Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), the current divorce rate nationwide is around 42%. The average first marriage lasts about eight years.

Financial instability due to changing career changes, debt, inflation, and student loans payback often delay couples entering into marriage. The cost of a modest wedding for two hundred guests is eye-opening.

Traditional relationship milestones like engagement and marriage are no longer seen as necessary next steps these days. Couples are choosing alternative paths such as cohabitation or long-term partnerships without marriage. While the steps to long-term commitmment may have not deviated that much in the past decade, navigating to that point certainly has.

Protecting cherished pets from highly pathogenic avian influenza: A guide for pet owners

Pets, like cats and dogs, are not immune from contracting Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza, commonly called the Bird Flu. Veterinarians are recommending viligence, keeping a close watch over pets when outside the home to avoid contracting the fatal disease.

Annette Meyer/Pixabay

SNS - As the threat of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) looms over both avian and domestic populations, pet owners face an urgent challenge: protecting their beloved companions from a virus that can turn a playful afternoon into a perilous health crisis. HPAI, primarily affecting birds, poses significant risks to pets, particularly those that may come into contact with infected avian species. Understanding the nature of this virus and its transmission is crucial for ensuring the safety and well-being of pets.

HPAI is highly contagious, spreading rapidly among birds and leading to severe illness or death. The virus is shed through the droppings and saliva of infected birds, making close contact with these animals or their waste a potential hazard for pets. While birds such as chickens and ducks are at the highest risk, other pets, including cats and dogs, are not entirely immune to the virus.

Chickens and ducks have the highest risk of contracting Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza.

Photo: Erik Karits/Pixabay

One of the most effective ways to safeguard pets from HPAI is through diligent biosecurity measures. Pet owners should clean and disinfect areas where their pets spend time, particularly if they have access to outdoor spaces. Limiting contact with wild birds is essential, as these creatures can shed the virus through their droppings and saliva. Additionally, preventing pets from scavenging raw bird remains can further reduce the risk of exposure. By creating a controlled environment, pet owners can significantly diminish the chances of their animals contracting the virus.

Monitoring pets for any signs of illness is another critical step in protecting them from HPAI. Symptoms such as coughing, sneezing, lethargy, and difficulty breathing can indicate a potential infection. If a pet exhibits any of these signs, it is vital to consult a veterinarian promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can make a significant difference in the outcome for affected animals. Pet owners should remain vigilant, especially during times when HPAI outbreaks are reported in their area.

“Unfortunately, all dead animal carcasses have the potential to transmit HPAI. Waterbirds are the most affected species and they have the potential to transmit the virus without showing clinical signs, but a huge variety of wild and domestic bird and mammal species have died from HPAI,” says Stephany Lewis, a professor of zoological medicine at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign and director of the University of Illinois Wildlife Medical Clinic. “It is recommended to always keep cats indoors. Cats, dogs and other pets that do spend some time outdoors should remain leashed and closely monitored to keep them away from wildlife and poultry.”

In the event of suspected exposure to HPAI, immediate action is necessary. Quarantining the affected pet can help prevent the virus from spreading to other animals or humans. Pet owners should also practice thorough hand hygiene after handling their pets to avoid any potential transmission. By staying informed and proactive, pet owners can play a crucial role in protecting their companions from the risks associated with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza, ensuring their health and happiness in an uncertain environment.

Infected pets may exhibit a range of symptoms, from flu-like signs to severe respiratory issues. Symptoms can include coughing, sneezing, lethargy, and difficulty breathing.

Lewis said pets may become infected with HPAI if they consume dead infected birds, eat raw meat from infected birds, or drink unpasteurized milk from infected cows. “Some raw pet foods have been linked to HPAI infection and deaths in house cats. Other routes of transmission, such as inhalation or ingestion of aerosolized secretions or feces from infected birds, are also possible but have not yet been confirmed,” she explained in an interview with the University of Illinois News Bureau. “In humans, most HPAI infections have occurred from unprotected direct contact with infected animals — usually poultry or cattle — or surfaces contaminated with feces or respiratory secretions from infected animals. The virus can enter through a person’s eyes, nose, mouth or via inhalation.”

She added that there have not been any reported infections from ingestion of properly cooked poultry or pasteurized milk but pointed out that improper handling of raw poultry products or ingestion of undercooked meat or unpasteurized milk could result in infection in humans as well as pets.

Infected pets may exhibit a range of symptoms, from flu-like signs to severe respiratory issues. Symptoms can include coughing, sneezing, lethargy, and difficulty breathing. In severe cases, HPAI can lead to death, underscoring the importance of vigilance among pet owners.

To mitigate the risks associated with HPAI, biosecurity measures are essential. This involves cleaning and disinfecting pet areas, limiting contact with wild birds, and preventing pets from consuming raw bird remains. Pet owners are advised to supervise any interactions between their pets and birds, ensuring that contact is brief and monitored.

There appears to be a range of susceptibility to this current strain of H5N1 among different species. Besides waterbirds, the next most frequently seen wild birds with HPAI-related morbidity and mortality are crows and raptors, but any bird can become sick with avian influenza.

Lewis said clinical signs in birds observed most frequently are cloudy eyes, a symptom of corneal edema, and neurologic signs like tremors, weakness, incoordination, inability to stand, and seizures. Other vague, non-specific signs of illness can occur, or the animal may die suddenly without observed clinical signs.

Veterinarians can provide expert guidance on treatment options and care for pets affected by HPAI. Their knowledge is invaluable in navigating the complexities of this viral threat.

The symptoms of avian influenza in any species can mimic those of many other diseases, so there’s no way to know for sure an animal has avian influenza without laboratory diagnostics. Wild carnivores, such as foxes, bobcats and other wild felines, skunks, fishers, mink and even marine mammals such as seals have all been documented to get sick and die from avian influenza.

If a pet shows signs of illness, it is crucial for owners to act swiftly. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve outcomes for infected animals. Pet owners should consult their veterinarians immediately if they suspect their pet has contracted HPAI.

In the event of exposure to HPAI, pet owners should implement quarantine measures to prevent the potential spread of the virus. Isolating the affected pet and practicing thorough hand hygiene after handling them can help reduce the risk of transmission to other animals or humans.

Veterinarians can provide expert guidance on treatment options and care for pets affected by HPAI. Their knowledge is invaluable in navigating the complexities of this viral threat.

Animal doctors recommend staying informed and start implementing preventive measures to protect pets from the risks associated with HPAI. By following recommended guidelines above and remaining vigilant, pet owners can help ensure the health and well-being of their cherished companions. Proactive measures and prompt responses to potential threats can make a significant difference in safeguarding pets against this serious viral infection.